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BVR Basic Training

2023-09-28T11:22:27Z

Johnny: /* MAR quick reference table */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It is highly advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP procedures and preferred BVR tactics.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It is imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits declared hostile in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency:

# Sensor update. Viper11: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper12: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper11, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Directive. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledgement. Viper12: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper11: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Viper11, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Cranking."''
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA update. Viper12: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA update. Viper12: ''"Viper12, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

Sustain communication beyond the simple timeline example into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

===MAR quick reference table===

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" | Weapon ||rowspan="2" | NATO Reporting Name ||rowspan="2" | Guidance Type || colspan="4" | MAR* (Hostile A/C flying at Mach 1)
|-
! A35 || A25 || A15 || A5
|-
| R-77 || AA-12 Adder || Active radar || 18NM || 14NM || 13NM || 11NM
|-
| R-27ER || AA-10 Alamo-C || Semi-active radar || 27NM || 20NM || 17NM || 13NM
|-
| R-27 || AA-10 Alamo-A || Semi-active radar || 16NM || 11NM || 11NM || 9NM
|-
| R-33 || AA-9 Amos || Semi-active radar || 25NM || 17NM || 16NM || 9NM
|-
| R-40 || AA-6 Acrid || Semi-active radar || 15NM || 12NM || 11NM || 11NM
|-
| R-25R || AA-7 Apex-C || Semi-active radar || 13NM || 11NM || 10NM || 10NM
|}
''*MAR numbers include a saftey margin of 5NM.''

Source: original data from flyandwire.com

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-28T11:11:14Z

Johnny:

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It is highly advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP procedures and preferred BVR tactics.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It is imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits declared hostile in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency:

# Sensor update. Viper11: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper12: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper11, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Directive. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledgement. Viper12: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper11: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Viper11, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Cranking."''
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA update. Viper12: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA update. Viper12: ''"Viper12, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

Sustain communication beyond the simple timeline example into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

===MAR quick reference table===

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" | Weapon ||rowspan="2" | NATO Reporting Name ||rowspan="2" | Guidance type || colspan="4" | MAR* (Hostile A/C flying at Mach 1)
|-
! A35 || A25 || A15 || A5
|-
| R-77 || AA-12 Adder || Active radar || 18NM || 14NM || 13NM || 11NM
|-
| R-27ER || AA-10 Alamo-C || Semi-active radar || 27NM || 20NM || 17NM || 13NM
|-
| R-27 || AA-10 Alamo-A || Semi-active radar || 16NM || 11NM || 11NM || 9NM
|-
| R-33 || AA-9 Amos || Semi-active radar || 25NM || 17NM || 16NM || 9NM
|-
| R-40 || AA-6 Acrid || Semi-active radar || 15NM || 12NM || 11NM || 11NM
|-
| R-25R || AA-7 Apex-C || Semi-active radar || 13NM || 11NM || 10NM || 10NM
|}
''*MAR numbers include a saftey margin of 5NM.''

Source: original data from flyandwire.com

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:44:14Z

Johnny: /* Calls relative simple timeline */

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:41:09Z

Johnny: /* Pre-flight */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It is highly advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP procedures and preferred BVR tactics.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It is imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper11: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper12: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper11, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Directive. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledgement. Viper12: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper11: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Viper11, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Cranking."''
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA update. Viper12: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA update. Viper12: ''"Viper12, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

Sustain communication beyond the simple timeline example into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:38:21Z

Johnny: /* Calls relative simple timeline */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It is advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It is imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper11: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper12: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper11, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Directive. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledgement. Viper12: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper11: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Viper11, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Cranking."''
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA update. Viper12: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA update. Viper12: ''"Viper12, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

Sustain communication beyond the simple timeline example into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:37:53Z

Johnny: /* Calls relative simple timeline */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It is advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It is imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper11: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper12: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper12, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Directive. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledgement. Viper12: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper11: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Viper12, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Cranking."''
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA update. Viper12: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA update. Viper12: ''"Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

Sustain communication beyond the simple timeline example into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:30:22Z

Johnny: /* Calls relative simple timeline */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It is advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It is imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper11: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper12: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper2, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Directive. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledgement. Viper12: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper11: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Viper2, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Cranking."''
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA update. Viper12: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA update. Viper12: ''"Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper11: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

Sustain communication beyond the simple timeline example into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:29:07Z

Johnny: /* Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It is advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It is imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper22: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper2, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Directive. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledgement. Viper22: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Viper2, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Cranking."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

Sustain communication beyond the simple timeline example into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:28:39Z

Johnny: /* Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It is advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Visual example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It is imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper22: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper2, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Directive. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledgement. Viper22: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Viper2, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Cranking."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

Sustain communication beyond the simple timeline example into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:27:59Z

Johnny: /* Pre-flight */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It is advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It is imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper22: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper2, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Directive. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledgement. Viper22: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Viper2, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Cranking."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

Sustain communication beyond the simple timeline example into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:27:29Z

Johnny: /* Calls relative simple timeline */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It is imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper22: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper2, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Directive. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledgement. Viper22: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Viper2, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Cranking."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

Sustain communication beyond the simple timeline example into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:26:18Z

Johnny: /* Calls relative simple timeline */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It is imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper22: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper2, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Directive. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledgement. Viper22: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Viper2, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Cranking."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

It is imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:21:17Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It is imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper22: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper2, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Directive. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledge. Viper22: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Viper2, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Cranking."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

It is imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:21:06Z

Johnny: /* Calls relative simple timeline */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper22: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper2, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Directive. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledge. Viper22: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Viper2, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Cranking."''
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA update. Viper22: ''"Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA update. Viper21: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

It is imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:19:41Z

Johnny: /* Calls relative simple timeline */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."''
# Sensor update. Viper22: ''"Two, sensor contact."''
# Decision. Viper11: ''"Viper2, committing."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Briefing. Viper11: ''"One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."''
# Acknowledge. Viper22: ''"Wilco, two cover."''
# Sensor update. Viper21: ''"One, radar contact both targets."''
# SA call. Viper21: ''"Viper2, fox 3 times two, both targets."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA call. Viper21: ''"Cranking."''
# SA call. Viper21: ''"Pitbull, pumping."''
# SA call. Viper22: ''"Two, targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."''
# SA call. Viper22: ''"Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."'' (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA call. Viper21: ''"Two, turning hot, cover."''

It is imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:16:44Z

Johnny: /* Calls relative simple timeline */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor update. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# Decision. Viper11: "Viper2, committing." (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor update. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# SA call. Viper21: "Fox 3 times two, both targets." (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA call. Viper21: "Cranking."
# SA call. Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# SA call. "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# SA call.Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."(THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA call. Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described into the extended timeline, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:16:05Z

Johnny: /* Calls relative simple timeline */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor update. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor update. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# Decision. Viper11: "Viper2, committing." (THIS LINE IN RED)
# Briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor update. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# SA call. Viper21: "Fox 3 times two, both targets." (THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA call. Viper21: "Cranking."
# SA call. Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# SA call. "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# SA call.Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."(THIS LINE IN RED)
# SA call. Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:08:50Z

Johnny: /* Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20 NM behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T21:07:54Z

Johnny:

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T17:54:01Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, DR, DOR, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

====Calls relative simple timeline====

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T15:24:21Z

Johnny: /* Advisable calls */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, DR, DOR, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering
* Winchester
* Bingo
* Disengagement

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T15:22:58Z

Johnny: /* Extended timeline */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, DR, DOR, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might evolve into one or multiple of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T15:20:25Z

Johnny:

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, DR, DOR, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

====Extended timeline====

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment, and the extended timeline might consist of numerous branches which will not be covered in the 2-ship basic BVR tactics guide. It's nevertheless imperative to maintain the shooter/cover concept for mutual support until combat is resolved.

===Intra-flight communication===

It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

====Advisable calls====

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T15:13:22Z

Johnny:

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, DR, DOR, MAR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute efficiently execute the tactic, efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight frequency with unnecessary information.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T14:50:56Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight communication to execute the tactic.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described, applying above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T14:44:53Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication breakdown */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight communication to execute the tactic.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described following above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T14:40:46Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication breakdown */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight communication to execute the tactic.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position and aspect relative shooter
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described following above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T14:37:47Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication breakdown */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight communication to execute the tactic.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Cover's position relative shooter and aspect
* Pump/Cold
* Target/s maneuvering

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described following above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T14:37:26Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication breakdown */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight communication to execute the tactic.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Pump/Cold
* Cover's position relative shooter and aspect
* Target/s maneuvering

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described following above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T14:35:53Z

Johnny: /* Engaging using shooter/cover tactic */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover trail tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight communication to execute the tactic.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Pump/Turning cold
* Cover's position relative shooter
* Target/s maneuvering

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described following above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T14:35:17Z

Johnny: /* Basic 2-ship BVR tactics */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Prerequisites''': Basic knowledge of aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missile employment 
'''Not covered''': Aircraft performance, weapon employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, advanced weapon employment, advanced combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight communication to execute the tactic.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Pump/Turning cold
* Cover's position relative shooter
* Target/s maneuvering

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described following above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T14:02:20Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication breakdown */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight communication to execute the tactic.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Pump/Turning cold
* Cover's position relative shooter
* Target/s maneuvering

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described following above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T14:02:09Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication breakdown */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight communication to execute the tactic.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Pump/Turning cold
* Cover's position relative to shooter
* Target/s maneuvering

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described following above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T14:01:40Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication breakdown */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight communication to execute the tactic.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Pump/Turning cold
* Cover in position
* Target/s maneuvering

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described following above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T13:59:10Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication breakdown */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and be able to adapt the plan to the dynamics of air combat. To execute this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight communication to execute the tactic.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Pump/Turning cold
* Cover in position

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described following above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T13:50:40Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication breakdown */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and just as imperative to be able to adapt the plan to how events unfold. To do this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight communication to execute the tactic.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Pump/Turning cold
* Cover in position

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

It's imperative to sustain communication beyond the simple timeline described following above principles.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T13:40:56Z

Johnny:

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and just as imperative to be able to adapt the plan to how events unfold. To do this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the intra-flight communication to execute the tactic.

Advisable calls:

* Fox calls with target allocation
* Pump/Turning cold
* Cover in position

Example of a 2-ship flight engaging two bandits in close formation. Calls on tactical frequency in red, all other calls on intra-flight frequency. Following above simple timeline:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

Sustained communication throughout engagement.

Whether hot or cold.
If cover.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T13:36:23Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication breakdown */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

BVR combat is a very dynamic environment. It's imperative to enter combat with a plan and just as imperative to be able to adapt the plan to how events unfold. To do this efficient communication is key to maintain situational awareness while not overloading the inter flight communication to execute the tactic.

These are general recommendations to increase situational awareness and tactical efficiency respectively while keeping traffic on intra-com channel low. Communication with AWACS in red, Examples are for the 2-ship flight Viper2 engaging two bandits in close formation.

In timeline order:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

Sustained communication throughout engagement.

Whether hot or cold.
If cover.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T13:29:27Z

Johnny:

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Pre-flight===

It's advised that the flight lead brief the flight on CAP contracts and preferred tactics of engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

These are general recommendations to increase situational awareness and tactical efficiency respectively while keeping traffic on intra-com channel low. Communication with AWACS in red, Examples are for the 2-ship flight Viper2 engaging two bandits in close formation.

In timeline order:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

Sustained communication throughout engagement.

Whether hot or cold.
If cover.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T09:50:21Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication breakdown===

These are general recommendations to increase situational awareness and tactical efficiency respectively while keeping traffic on intra-com channel low. Communication with AWACS in red, Examples are for the 2-ship flight Viper2 engaging two bandits in close formation.

In timeline order:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

Sustained communication throughout engagement.

Whether hot or cold.
If cover.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T09:49:05Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication===

These are general recommendations to increase situational awareness and tactical efficiency respectively while keeping traffic on intra-com channel low. Communication with AWACS in red, Examples are for the 2-ship flight Viper2 engaging two bandits in close formation.

In timeline order:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

Sustained communication throughout engagement.

Whether hot or cold.
If cover.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T09:48:32Z

Johnny: /* Intra-flight communication */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication===

These are general recommendations to increase situational awareness and tactical efficiency respectively while keeping traffic on intra-com channel low. Communication with AWACS in red, Examples are for the 2-ship flight Viper2 engaging two bandits in close formation.

In timeline order:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: "Viper22, fox 3 north target, cranking."
# Viper21: "Two, turning hot, cover."

Sustained communication throughout engagement.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T09:47:13Z

Johnny: /* Engaging using shooter/cover tactic */

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers. Cover is flown 20nm behind the shooter.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication===

These are general recommendations to increase situational awareness and tactical efficiency respectively while keeping traffic on intra-com channel low. Communication with AWACS in red, Examples are for the 2-ship flight Viper2 engaging two bandits in close formation.

In timeline order:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: Viper22, fox 3 north target."

Sustained communication throughout engagement.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T08:48:01Z

Johnny:

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication===

These are general recommendations to increase situational awareness and tactical efficiency respectively while keeping traffic on intra-com channel low. Communication with AWACS in red, Examples are for the 2-ship flight Viper2 engaging two bandits in close formation.

In timeline order:

# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
# Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
# RED Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
# Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
# Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
# Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
# RED Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
# Viper21: "Cranking."
# Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
# Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
# RED Viper22: Viper22, fox 3 north target."

Sustained communication throughout engagement.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

BVR Basic Training

2023-09-25T08:46:18Z

Johnny:

==Basic 2-ship BVR tactics==

'''Components''': Formation, MAR/DOR, communication, mutual support, differences from singleton BVR 
'''Not covered''': Advanced aircraft performance, advanced weapon efficiency 
'''Prerequisites''': Knowledge of your aircraft's performance, basic radar operation, basic A/A missiles employment 
'''Progression''': Advanced 2-ship BVR tactics, weapon employment and combat efficiency 

====See also====

[[Air-To-Air Glossary]]

[[Comms]]

[[Mission Procedures]]

===Tactical imperatives===

* Keep weapons and a radar pointed in threat direction at all times.
* Stay out of [[Air-To-Air Glossary#MAR|Minimum Abort Range]], as long as possible or until you decide to transition to a WVR engagement.

===Arriving on station===

20-30 NM from station, wingman performs [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_25dj2o0d a 360] or [https://is.gd/fighterbrief_2gz8c6vn a dog-leg] to separate roughly 20 NM in a trail. Enter [https://magwo.github.io/cap-holds/?h=twoShipRacetrackGrinder&a=viper CAP racetrack hold] with hot leg in threat direction.

Note: Don't slow down to create the 20 NM separation. It takes a long time and puts you in a tactically vulnerable stance.

===Keeping a good racetrack===

* Coordinate airspeed and bank angle. For example M 0.85 and 30° bank angle.
* Communicate reference headings for the hot leg. Example: "Reference heading 020"
* Turn at 12 NM distance to maintain ~20 NM trail separation.

Tip: Use markpoints for the end points of the racetrack, if possible. This helps with situational awareness.

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_5nxasgk4 Example establishing racetrack with reference heading and markpoints]

===Engaging using shooter/cover tactic===

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

When you decide or get vectored to engage a detected group of hostiles, either lead or wingman could become the "shooter". This is the aircraft that flies first into the engagement and fires the first missiles. The trailing aircraft has the "cover" role and helps maintain SA by observing radar contacts and/or putting the TGP/eyeballs on hostiles to detect launches and maneuvers.

Try to "sort" targets in a simple but effective fashion. If possible, use cardinal directions and altitudes to sort aircraft. "1, engaging northern bandit" or "2, engaging bandit at 25 thousand".

Once the shooter breaks off and goes cold, the roles are reversed and the cover aircraft becomes the shooter. However, the cold cover aircraft must be careful to not turn hot too soon as this can put the flight in a situation where both aircraft must turn cold at the same time. This violates the "weapons and radar in threat direction at all times" imperative, and could put the flight in a permanently defensive position.

====Simple timeline====

# Commit (decision or from AWACS)
# Shooter gets radar contact
# Shooter sorts targets (say which ones you'll be shooting)
# Launch
# Crank
# Decide (go cold or push to WVR)
#* If shooter cold, trailer assumes shooter role and sorts targets etc
#* If shooter pushes, trailer continues cover role

[https://is.gd/fighterbrief_87abkjt8 Example shooter/cover engagement with comms]

===Intra-flight communication===

These are general recommendations to increase situational awareness and tactical efficiency respectively while keeping traffic on intra-com channel low. Communication with AWACS in red, Examples are for the 2-ship flight Viper2 engaging two bandits in close formation.

In timeline order:

1. Sensor check. Viper21: "One, SA contact both targets angels 28, hot on us."
1.1 Sensor check. Viper22: "Two, sensor contact."
RED 2. Flight lead's decision to engage. Viper11: "Viper2, committing."
3. Flight lead's short engagement briefing. Viper11: "One shooter, two cover in trail, one intends to press both targets."
3.1. Wingman acknowledge. Viper22: "Wilco, two cover."
4. Sensor check. Viper21: "One, radar contact both targets."
RED 5. Shot call. "Viper21, fox 3 times two, both targets."
6. Viper21: "Cranking."
7. Viper21: "Pitbull, pumping."
8. Viper22: "Two. Targets defending, splitting up north and south. Pushing for the northern target."
RED 9. Viper22: Viper22, fox 3 north target."

Sustained communication throughout engagement.

===Contingency plans===

It is natural to progressively lose situational awareness during a prolonged engagement. Always try to regain SA but don't freeze. If SA becomes permanently poor, it is very beneficial to have a contingency plan in the back of your mind. Usually this consists of a heading to fly when SA is lost. If you know that friendlies are southwest of your engagement, flying southwest when you lose SA is very likely to save you.

Home

2022-10-11T07:22:26Z

Johnny: /* Wiki Content */

===Welcome to the Master Arms Wiki===

We are a Swedish combat flight sim community mainly focusing on DCS. We are constantly looking for new pilots, ATCs and Fighter Controllers. On this wiki, we aim to collect all important information, easily accessible for all new and old members, as well as any guest participants on our events.

====Language====
For practical reasons, we are a Swedish speaking community. If you don't know Swedish, but you are already proficient in your aircraft and you know somebody in the community who can vouch for you, you can still join our events as a guest and fly on his/her wing. Furthermore, we are always interrested in getting in contact with other communities for mutual scenarios and missions. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you are interested to set something up.
Generally, during events, all comms between flights and other agencies are in English, while comms within the flight are in Swedish.

==Important Links==

*[http://www.masterarms.se Master Arms Website]
*[https://discord.gg/hw3Aat4 Master Arms Discord]

==Wiki Content==

*[[New Member Guide]]
*[[Training Server]]
*[[Training]]
*[[Standard Operating Procedures]]
**[[Mission Procedures]] ''(With comms example for airfield and mission procedures)''
**[[Mission SPINS]]
**[[Comms]]
**[[Aerial Refueling]]
**[[Lights]]
**[[Carrier Ops]]
**[[Airport Procedures]]
***[[Charts]]
***[[Takeoff Procedures]]
***[[Departure Procedures]]
***[[Approach Procedures]]
*[[Aviation Guides]]
**[[Radials]]
**[[VFR Navigation]]
**[[Intercept]]
**[[Quickstart Checklists]]
*[[Tactical Guides]]
**[[Air-To-Air Operations]]
**[[Advanced Formations and Movement]]
**[[Close Air Support]]
*[[Technical Guides]]
**[[Technical Checklist]]
**[[Mission Design Guide]]
***[[Aircraft Type Considerations]]
***[[Mission Briefing Template]]
*[[Mission Files]]
**[[Training Missions]]
*[[Aircraft Syllabi]]
**[[Intro Flight]]
**[[F/A-18C Hornet Syllabus]]
**[[AJS 37 Viggen Syllabus]]
**[[F-16C Viper Syllabus]]
**[[A-10C Warthog Syllabus]]
**[[AV-8B Harrier Syllabus]]
**[[F-14B Tomcat Syllabus]]
**[[AH-64D Apache Syllabus]]
*[[Mods]]
*[[Resources and Links]]
*[[Qualifications]]
**[[Basic Qualification]]
**[[Carrier Qualification]]
*[[Organization]]

Organization

2022-08-02T09:23:21Z

Johnny:

''[[Home]] >> [[Organization]]''

Master Arms is a community without formal leaders. The responsibilities shift around sometimes. The list below is meant to provide an overview of some of the people taking care of certain things at the moment.

* Website and Forum - JackFlash
* Dedicated Server - Ironsavior
* Treasurer - Bejo
* Discord Admins - Bankler, Ironsavior, JackFlash, JustinCase, Shiggan
* New Member Onboarding - Bankler
* Instructor Pilots (IP:s) (hosting intro flights for new members) - Bankler, Ironsavior, JackFlash, JustinCase, Mags, Punch, Shiggan, Urist, Goofy, Johnny, Jasnisse
* Training Officers (TO:s) - Johnny, Deadgun_SWE, Urist, Troll, Arco
* Training Deputies (TD:s) - Around 20 training deputies (wearing the TD:s tag in Discord)
* Head mentor - Deadgun_SWE
* Mentors - Around 20 mentors (wearing the mentor tag in Discord)
* Streamer - Apollo
* Training Server Mission Maker - Bankler

F/A-18C Hornet Syllabus

2022-07-27T13:06:05Z

Johnny: /* Advanced Air-To-Air */

''[[Home]] >> [[Aircraft Syllabi]] >> [[F/A-18C Hornet Syllabus]]''

==Basic Section==

===Basic Flying===

====Starting Up====

* Cold Start using Quickstart Checklist

====Basic Navigation====

* Navigate visually between two points using the compass and an empty F10 map
* Waypoint Navigation
* TACAN Navigation
* Using SA page to find wingman
* Course Line
* Autopilot BARO hold
* Standard Climb (Military Power, use pitch to maintain 300 kts IAS)
* Waypoint Handling
** Setting coordinate system (MM:DEC vs MM:SEC) and PRECISION
** Creating waypoints (HSI, UFC, POSITION/ELEVATION)
** Inserting waypoints into sequences (HSI, SEQUFC, INS)
* BRA calls
* Understanding [[Radials]] and determine what radial you are on relative to steerpoints and TACAN stations
* Bullseye usage
** Setting a WP as Bullseye (HSI, DATA, A/A WP)
** Reading own and cursor bullseye position in Radar

====Landing====

* On-speed Flying
** Level Flight (Pick an altitude, dirty up and go on-speed maintaining altitude)
** Turning (Perform ~30 degree bank turns maintaining altitude)
** Careful climbing and descending (around 500 feet/minute)
** Quickly going from ordinary flight (around 350 kts IAS) to on-speed flying.
* Landing (~500-700 feet/minute, no flare, extend speed brake if full stop)
* Traffic Pattern Touch'n'Go Practice (maintain on-speed, climb to 1500', turn downwind to end up ~1.5 NM from course line, turn final and descend when wingtip passes runway threshold)
* Overhead break (Approach in runway direction, 300 kts IAS, 1500'. Break over runway, enter downwind and land as explained above) ''http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Fil:OverheadBreak.png''

====Basic Mission Procedures====

* Checking in
* Fence In / Fence Out procedures
* Changing radio presets
* Jettison Settings
* Joker/Bingo Settings
* Formation Takeoff (2-ship)

===Basic Combat===

====Basic Air-To-Air====

* RWS Radar Mode
** Setting Range, Azimuth (i.e Width), Bars and Elevation
** One TDC depress for LTWS soft lock, two presses for STT hard lock
* Boresight Acquisition Mode (Sensor Switch Up)
* Fire AIM-120C Amraam (~10-20 NM)
* Fire AIM-9X Sidewinder (~2-4 NM)
* Raygun / Buddyspike procedures
* "Fox" and "Splash" Calls
* Fire AIM-120C Amraam in TWS mode against multiple targets
* Fire AIM-9X using JHMCS with uncage button for off-boresight shots
* Vertical Acquisition mode
* [[Air-To-Air Glossary#Crank|Crank]] and [[Air-To-Air Glossary#Short skate|Short skate]] maneuver

====Basic Air-To-Ground====

* General Purpose Dumb Bombs (Mk 82, Mk 83, Mk 84)
** Configuration (MFUZE (Nose), QTY, MULT and INTERVAL settings)
** Standard CCIP drop (Start from 8000', roll in, ~30 degree dive angle, 400-500 kts, drop at ~4000' and pull up) Examples: ''https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVuLCGKKqvI''
* High angle gun strafing (Start from 8000', roll in, ~30 degree dive angle, 400-500 kts, fire short burst at ~3000' and pull up) Example: ''https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdaBRMG5yN4''
* Fire HARM in SP and TOO modes
* Drop JDAM in TOO mode
* Targeting Pod Usage (Designation and Laser)
* Drop GBU-12 LGB in AUTO mode (self lasing using T-pod)
* Fire AGM-65E Laser Maverick (self lasing using T-pod)

====Basic Defence====

* Drop Flares and Chaff in Dispenser Bypass mode
* Putting EW symbology in HUD
* Evade enemy missile by putting it on your 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock (Evaluate in TacView)

==Advanced Section==

===Advanced Flying===

====Aerial Refueling====

* Use radio menu to contact correct tanker
* Locate and form up on tanker's left wing (echelon left formation)
* Hooking up and receiving fuel, straight and through turns
* Moving to right side after refueling (echelon right formation)
* [http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Aerial_Refueling Instructions on the aerial refueling procedure]

====Carrier Ops====

* Learn [[CASE 1]] Recovery
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lm-M3VUy-_I Jabbers Youtube Video], explaining how to fly a CASE 1 Recovery
** Aim for ''40+ score, no 1-wires and no settle'' in [https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=221412 Bankler's CASE 1 Recovery Trainer], a DCS mission giving you feedback on how well you're flying the pattern
** Perform ball call
* Learn [[CASE 1]] Departure (fly BRC at 300 kts IAS 500' until 7 NM before climbing and forming up)
* Learn to fly the full [[CASE 1]] approach as a wingman, holding formation through approach, port-hold, commencing and initial
* Learn to fly the full [[CASE 1]] approach as a lead, including communicating with Marshal and Tower
* Learn [[CASE 3]] Departure
* Learn [[CASE 3]] Recovery

====Advanced Navigation====

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWSQmWQL7K4 Geometric Rejoins]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndLOstsNwvo High Aspect Intercepts] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5GQqQVd0ag Tutorial 2])

====Advanced Departure and Approach Procedures====

* IMC/Night time Radar Trail Departure
* IMC/Night time Radar Trail Approach
* Standard Instrument Departure (SID)
* Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR)

====Advanced Mission Procedures====

* [http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Mission_Procedures Standard Procedures and Communication] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6DbssSKob8 Video tutorial])

====Advanced Formation Flying====

* Fly the following [http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Advanced_Formations_and_Movement formations] as wingman in a 2/4-ship flight:
** Finger Four Left/Right
** Echelon Left/Right
** Fighting Wing
** Tactical Line Abreast (Combat Spread)

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlwugnVrA44 Formation transitions] in a rapid and safe manner

*[http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Advanced_Formations_and_Movement Formation Turns] as wingman in a 2/4-ship flight:
** Tactical turns (Tac 45, Tac 90)
** Check turns
** Cross turns
** Hook turns

===Advanced Combat===

====Advanced Air-To-Air====
Air-to-air combat is an incredibly complex concept which requires constant learning through study and practice. More guides and tutorials to come.

* CAP patrol track as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* BVR combat as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* ACM combat as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* BFM combat (understand one circle and two circle fights respectively, basic offensive BFM, basic defensive BFM)

Suggested studying:
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAGylbmVAkEyOibhDVUYrPA/featured The Ops Center By Mike Solyom] is a good introductory source to BFM

====Advanced Air-To-Ground====

* Attack ground targets with all air to ground weapons in the basic syllabus as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* SEAD patrol track as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* Low level 10 degrees offset pop-up CCIP attack profile
* Time-On-Target (TOT)
* [http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Close_Air_Support Close Air Support (CAS) Keyhole, Type 2 procedure]

F/A-18C Hornet Syllabus

2022-07-27T13:05:36Z

Johnny: /* Advanced Formation Flying */

''[[Home]] >> [[Aircraft Syllabi]] >> [[F/A-18C Hornet Syllabus]]''

==Basic Section==

===Basic Flying===

====Starting Up====

* Cold Start using Quickstart Checklist

====Basic Navigation====

* Navigate visually between two points using the compass and an empty F10 map
* Waypoint Navigation
* TACAN Navigation
* Using SA page to find wingman
* Course Line
* Autopilot BARO hold
* Standard Climb (Military Power, use pitch to maintain 300 kts IAS)
* Waypoint Handling
** Setting coordinate system (MM:DEC vs MM:SEC) and PRECISION
** Creating waypoints (HSI, UFC, POSITION/ELEVATION)
** Inserting waypoints into sequences (HSI, SEQUFC, INS)
* BRA calls
* Understanding [[Radials]] and determine what radial you are on relative to steerpoints and TACAN stations
* Bullseye usage
** Setting a WP as Bullseye (HSI, DATA, A/A WP)
** Reading own and cursor bullseye position in Radar

====Landing====

* On-speed Flying
** Level Flight (Pick an altitude, dirty up and go on-speed maintaining altitude)
** Turning (Perform ~30 degree bank turns maintaining altitude)
** Careful climbing and descending (around 500 feet/minute)
** Quickly going from ordinary flight (around 350 kts IAS) to on-speed flying.
* Landing (~500-700 feet/minute, no flare, extend speed brake if full stop)
* Traffic Pattern Touch'n'Go Practice (maintain on-speed, climb to 1500', turn downwind to end up ~1.5 NM from course line, turn final and descend when wingtip passes runway threshold)
* Overhead break (Approach in runway direction, 300 kts IAS, 1500'. Break over runway, enter downwind and land as explained above) ''http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Fil:OverheadBreak.png''

====Basic Mission Procedures====

* Checking in
* Fence In / Fence Out procedures
* Changing radio presets
* Jettison Settings
* Joker/Bingo Settings
* Formation Takeoff (2-ship)

===Basic Combat===

====Basic Air-To-Air====

* RWS Radar Mode
** Setting Range, Azimuth (i.e Width), Bars and Elevation
** One TDC depress for LTWS soft lock, two presses for STT hard lock
* Boresight Acquisition Mode (Sensor Switch Up)
* Fire AIM-120C Amraam (~10-20 NM)
* Fire AIM-9X Sidewinder (~2-4 NM)
* Raygun / Buddyspike procedures
* "Fox" and "Splash" Calls
* Fire AIM-120C Amraam in TWS mode against multiple targets
* Fire AIM-9X using JHMCS with uncage button for off-boresight shots
* Vertical Acquisition mode
* [[Air-To-Air Glossary#Crank|Crank]] and [[Air-To-Air Glossary#Short skate|Short skate]] maneuver

====Basic Air-To-Ground====

* General Purpose Dumb Bombs (Mk 82, Mk 83, Mk 84)
** Configuration (MFUZE (Nose), QTY, MULT and INTERVAL settings)
** Standard CCIP drop (Start from 8000', roll in, ~30 degree dive angle, 400-500 kts, drop at ~4000' and pull up) Examples: ''https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVuLCGKKqvI''
* High angle gun strafing (Start from 8000', roll in, ~30 degree dive angle, 400-500 kts, fire short burst at ~3000' and pull up) Example: ''https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdaBRMG5yN4''
* Fire HARM in SP and TOO modes
* Drop JDAM in TOO mode
* Targeting Pod Usage (Designation and Laser)
* Drop GBU-12 LGB in AUTO mode (self lasing using T-pod)
* Fire AGM-65E Laser Maverick (self lasing using T-pod)

====Basic Defence====

* Drop Flares and Chaff in Dispenser Bypass mode
* Putting EW symbology in HUD
* Evade enemy missile by putting it on your 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock (Evaluate in TacView)

==Advanced Section==

===Advanced Flying===

====Aerial Refueling====

* Use radio menu to contact correct tanker
* Locate and form up on tanker's left wing (echelon left formation)
* Hooking up and receiving fuel, straight and through turns
* Moving to right side after refueling (echelon right formation)
* [http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Aerial_Refueling Instructions on the aerial refueling procedure]

====Carrier Ops====

* Learn [[CASE 1]] Recovery
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lm-M3VUy-_I Jabbers Youtube Video], explaining how to fly a CASE 1 Recovery
** Aim for ''40+ score, no 1-wires and no settle'' in [https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=221412 Bankler's CASE 1 Recovery Trainer], a DCS mission giving you feedback on how well you're flying the pattern
** Perform ball call
* Learn [[CASE 1]] Departure (fly BRC at 300 kts IAS 500' until 7 NM before climbing and forming up)
* Learn to fly the full [[CASE 1]] approach as a wingman, holding formation through approach, port-hold, commencing and initial
* Learn to fly the full [[CASE 1]] approach as a lead, including communicating with Marshal and Tower
* Learn [[CASE 3]] Departure
* Learn [[CASE 3]] Recovery

====Advanced Navigation====

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWSQmWQL7K4 Geometric Rejoins]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndLOstsNwvo High Aspect Intercepts] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5GQqQVd0ag Tutorial 2])

====Advanced Departure and Approach Procedures====

* IMC/Night time Radar Trail Departure
* IMC/Night time Radar Trail Approach
* Standard Instrument Departure (SID)
* Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR)

====Advanced Mission Procedures====

* [http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Mission_Procedures Standard Procedures and Communication] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6DbssSKob8 Video tutorial])

====Advanced Formation Flying====

* Fly the following [http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Advanced_Formations_and_Movement formations] as wingman in a 2/4-ship flight:
** Finger Four Left/Right
** Echelon Left/Right
** Fighting Wing
** Tactical Line Abreast (Combat Spread)

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlwugnVrA44 Formation transitions] in a rapid and safe manner

*[http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Advanced_Formations_and_Movement Formation Turns] as wingman in a 2/4-ship flight:
** Tactical turns (Tac 45, Tac 90)
** Check turns
** Cross turns
** Hook turns

===Advanced Combat===

====Advanced Air-To-Air====
Air-to-air combat is an incredibly complex concept which requires constant learning and practice. More guides and tutorials to come.

* CAP patrol track as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* BVR combat as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* ACM combat as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* BFM combat (understand one circle and two circle fights respectively, basic offensive BFM, basic defensive BFM)

Suggested studying:
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAGylbmVAkEyOibhDVUYrPA/featured The Ops Center By Mike Solyom] is a good introductory source to BFM

====Advanced Air-To-Ground====

* Attack ground targets with all air to ground weapons in the basic syllabus as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* SEAD patrol track as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* Low level 10 degrees offset pop-up CCIP attack profile
* Time-On-Target (TOT)
* [http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Close_Air_Support Close Air Support (CAS) Keyhole, Type 2 procedure]

F/A-18C Hornet Syllabus

2022-07-27T13:03:05Z

Johnny: /* Advanced Formation Flying */

''[[Home]] >> [[Aircraft Syllabi]] >> [[F/A-18C Hornet Syllabus]]''

==Basic Section==

===Basic Flying===

====Starting Up====

* Cold Start using Quickstart Checklist

====Basic Navigation====

* Navigate visually between two points using the compass and an empty F10 map
* Waypoint Navigation
* TACAN Navigation
* Using SA page to find wingman
* Course Line
* Autopilot BARO hold
* Standard Climb (Military Power, use pitch to maintain 300 kts IAS)
* Waypoint Handling
** Setting coordinate system (MM:DEC vs MM:SEC) and PRECISION
** Creating waypoints (HSI, UFC, POSITION/ELEVATION)
** Inserting waypoints into sequences (HSI, SEQUFC, INS)
* BRA calls
* Understanding [[Radials]] and determine what radial you are on relative to steerpoints and TACAN stations
* Bullseye usage
** Setting a WP as Bullseye (HSI, DATA, A/A WP)
** Reading own and cursor bullseye position in Radar

====Landing====

* On-speed Flying
** Level Flight (Pick an altitude, dirty up and go on-speed maintaining altitude)
** Turning (Perform ~30 degree bank turns maintaining altitude)
** Careful climbing and descending (around 500 feet/minute)
** Quickly going from ordinary flight (around 350 kts IAS) to on-speed flying.
* Landing (~500-700 feet/minute, no flare, extend speed brake if full stop)
* Traffic Pattern Touch'n'Go Practice (maintain on-speed, climb to 1500', turn downwind to end up ~1.5 NM from course line, turn final and descend when wingtip passes runway threshold)
* Overhead break (Approach in runway direction, 300 kts IAS, 1500'. Break over runway, enter downwind and land as explained above) ''http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Fil:OverheadBreak.png''

====Basic Mission Procedures====

* Checking in
* Fence In / Fence Out procedures
* Changing radio presets
* Jettison Settings
* Joker/Bingo Settings
* Formation Takeoff (2-ship)

===Basic Combat===

====Basic Air-To-Air====

* RWS Radar Mode
** Setting Range, Azimuth (i.e Width), Bars and Elevation
** One TDC depress for LTWS soft lock, two presses for STT hard lock
* Boresight Acquisition Mode (Sensor Switch Up)
* Fire AIM-120C Amraam (~10-20 NM)
* Fire AIM-9X Sidewinder (~2-4 NM)
* Raygun / Buddyspike procedures
* "Fox" and "Splash" Calls
* Fire AIM-120C Amraam in TWS mode against multiple targets
* Fire AIM-9X using JHMCS with uncage button for off-boresight shots
* Vertical Acquisition mode
* [[Air-To-Air Glossary#Crank|Crank]] and [[Air-To-Air Glossary#Short skate|Short skate]] maneuver

====Basic Air-To-Ground====

* General Purpose Dumb Bombs (Mk 82, Mk 83, Mk 84)
** Configuration (MFUZE (Nose), QTY, MULT and INTERVAL settings)
** Standard CCIP drop (Start from 8000', roll in, ~30 degree dive angle, 400-500 kts, drop at ~4000' and pull up) Examples: ''https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVuLCGKKqvI''
* High angle gun strafing (Start from 8000', roll in, ~30 degree dive angle, 400-500 kts, fire short burst at ~3000' and pull up) Example: ''https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdaBRMG5yN4''
* Fire HARM in SP and TOO modes
* Drop JDAM in TOO mode
* Targeting Pod Usage (Designation and Laser)
* Drop GBU-12 LGB in AUTO mode (self lasing using T-pod)
* Fire AGM-65E Laser Maverick (self lasing using T-pod)

====Basic Defence====

* Drop Flares and Chaff in Dispenser Bypass mode
* Putting EW symbology in HUD
* Evade enemy missile by putting it on your 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock (Evaluate in TacView)

==Advanced Section==

===Advanced Flying===

====Aerial Refueling====

* Use radio menu to contact correct tanker
* Locate and form up on tanker's left wing (echelon left formation)
* Hooking up and receiving fuel, straight and through turns
* Moving to right side after refueling (echelon right formation)
* [http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Aerial_Refueling Instructions on the aerial refueling procedure]

====Carrier Ops====

* Learn [[CASE 1]] Recovery
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lm-M3VUy-_I Jabbers Youtube Video], explaining how to fly a CASE 1 Recovery
** Aim for ''40+ score, no 1-wires and no settle'' in [https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=221412 Bankler's CASE 1 Recovery Trainer], a DCS mission giving you feedback on how well you're flying the pattern
** Perform ball call
* Learn [[CASE 1]] Departure (fly BRC at 300 kts IAS 500' until 7 NM before climbing and forming up)
* Learn to fly the full [[CASE 1]] approach as a wingman, holding formation through approach, port-hold, commencing and initial
* Learn to fly the full [[CASE 1]] approach as a lead, including communicating with Marshal and Tower
* Learn [[CASE 3]] Departure
* Learn [[CASE 3]] Recovery

====Advanced Navigation====

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWSQmWQL7K4 Geometric Rejoins]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndLOstsNwvo High Aspect Intercepts] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5GQqQVd0ag Tutorial 2])

====Advanced Departure and Approach Procedures====

* IMC/Night time Radar Trail Departure
* IMC/Night time Radar Trail Approach
* Standard Instrument Departure (SID)
* Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR)

====Advanced Mission Procedures====

* [http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Mission_Procedures Standard Procedures and Communication] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6DbssSKob8 Video tutorial])

====Advanced Formation Flying====

* Fly the following [http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Advanced_Formations_and_Movement formations] as wingman in a 2/4-ship flight:
** Finger Four Left/Right
** Echelon Left/Right
** Fighting Wing
** Tactical Line Abreast (Combat Spread)

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlwugnVrA44 Formation transitions]

*[http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Advanced_Formations_and_Movement Formation Turns] as wingman in a 2/4-ship flight:
** Tactical turns (Tac 45, Tac 90)
** Check turns
** Cross turns
** Hook turns

===Advanced Combat===

====Advanced Air-To-Air====
Air-to-air combat is an incredibly complex concept which requires constant learning and practice. More guides and tutorials to come.

* CAP patrol track as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* BVR combat as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* ACM combat as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* BFM combat (understand one circle and two circle fights respectively, basic offensive BFM, basic defensive BFM)

Suggested studying:
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAGylbmVAkEyOibhDVUYrPA/featured The Ops Center By Mike Solyom] is a good introductory source to BFM

====Advanced Air-To-Ground====

* Attack ground targets with all air to ground weapons in the basic syllabus as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* SEAD patrol track as wingman in a 2-ship flight
* Low level 10 degrees offset pop-up CCIP attack profile
* Time-On-Target (TOT)
* [http://wiki.masterarms.se/index.php/Close_Air_Support Close Air Support (CAS) Keyhole, Type 2 procedure]