Radials - Versionshistorik

Mags: /* Suggested exercise */

2023-09-12T17:54:56Z

Suggested exercise

Mags: /* Suggested excercise */

2022-06-25T19:43:10Z

Suggested excercise

Mags den 25 juni 2022 kl. 18.24

2022-06-25T18:24:15Z

Mags: /* How to read radials in various aircraft */

2021-05-16T10:29:42Z

How to read radials in various aircraft

Mags den 16 maj 2021 kl. 10.29

2021-05-16T10:29:14Z

Mags: /* Examples of radial usage in communications */

2021-05-15T19:46:21Z

Examples of radial usage in communications

Mags: /* How to read radials in various aircraft */

2021-05-15T19:37:52Z

How to read radials in various aircraft

Mags den 15 maj 2021 kl. 17.40

2021-05-15T17:40:11Z

Bankler: Skapade sidan med '''Home >> Standard Operating Procedures >> Radials'' ==What is a radial?== A radial is a compass bearing '''from''' a point. Usually from an airfield, TACAN stat...'

2021-03-16T01:06:32Z

Skapade sidan med '''Home >> Standard Operating Procedures >> Radials'' ==What is a radial?== A radial is a compass bearing '''from''' a point. Usually from an airfield, TACAN stat...'

Ny sida

''[[Home]] >> [[Standard Operating Procedures]] >> [[Radials]]''

==What is a radial?==

A radial is a compass bearing '''from''' a point. Usually from an airfield, TACAN station, VOR station or carrier.

Together with a range and altitude component, it is often used to describe where airplanes are located relative to an airfield, TACAN station, a carrier or bullseye. The first component of a bullseye call - the compass bearing from the bullseye - is a radial.

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[[Fil:Radials.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Radials and locations relative to an airfield]]
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==Important facts to note==

The heading of an airplane has nothing to do with its radial, just like roll and pitch of the aircraft are unrelated to its position. Heading, pitch and roll will affect how the location of an aircraft ''changes over time'', but is not needed to describe its ''current location'' relative to something else.

The heading of a carrier has nothing to do with radials relative to its TACAN station. The radial is a ''compass'' bearing from the carrier's location, regardless of whether the carrier is heading east or west etc.

==To fly on a radial==

When an aircraft is said to be "flying on a radial", it means that it remains on that radial. There are a couple of ways to fly a radial:
* Fly outbound on a radial
* Fly inbound on a radial
* Be anchored on a radial and distance - orbiting a certain point
* To marshal in a racetrack on a radial - meaning you are moving up and down a radial

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[[Fil:Radials on.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Different ways to "fly on a radial"]]
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==When are radials used?==

* During radio communications and navigation around airfields on arrival or departure - both for describing current positions, and for positioning flights
* During radio communications and navigation around carriers - especially CASE 3 operations
* Bullseye calls for describing flight locations relative to a predetermined "bullseye" location in the theatre of operations

==Examples of radial usage in communications==

''Kutaisi, Indy9 marking your 080 (radial) for 35 miles angels 20''

The flight Indy9 lets Kutaisi know that they are located 35 miles away in the 080 bearing from the Kutaisi airfield.

''Picture: One group, bulls 350 (radial) for 50, angels 31, heading south''

A group of aircraft is located roughly 50 miles north of the bullseye.

''Indy91, Union Marshal, marshal on the 230 radial, 26 miles angels 11''

The carrier marshal is telling Indy91 to position itself on the 230 radial 26 miles from the carrier.

==Bonus reading: QDM and QDR==

Understanding radials will get you far in aviation communications. There are also shorthand phrases for common scenarios. The most common of these are QDM and QDR:

QDM: Flying ''inbound'' on a radial, towards the reference location. For example, flying towards an airfield on radial 300 can be described as "QDM 300".

QDR: Flying ''outbound'' on a radial, away from the reference location. For example, flying away from an airfield on radial 300 can be described as "QDR 300".

@@ Rad 56: / Rad 56: @@
 The following is an exercise that will test your understanding of radials. Make sure your flight is being recorded by Tacview, then fly the route.
-# From Kutaisi, fly outbound on radial 120 until 40 NM, 20 000 ft.
+# From Kutaisi, fly outbound on radial 120 until 40 NM, 30 000 ft.
 # Position yourself on radial 180, 50 NM. Perform three orbits on that position.
 # Position yourself on radial 220, 60 NM. Fly two laps with 6 NM legs.

@@ Rad 52: / Rad 52: @@
-==Suggested excercise==
+==Suggested exercise==
-The following is an excercise that will test your understanding of radials. Make sure your flight is being recorded by Tacview, then fly the route.
+The following is an exercise that will test your understanding of radials. Make sure your flight is being recorded by Tacview, then fly the route.
 # From Kutaisi, fly outbound on radial 120 until 40 NM, 20 000 ft.

← Äldre version		Versionen från 25 juni 2022 kl. 18.24
Rad 50:		Rad 50:

	The carrier marshal is telling Indy91 to position itself on the 230 radial 26 miles from the carrier.		The carrier marshal is telling Indy91 to position itself on the 230 radial 26 miles from the carrier.
		+
		+
		+	==Suggested excercise==
		+
		+	The following is an excercise that will test your understanding of radials. Make sure your flight is being recorded by Tacview, then fly the route.
		+
		+	# From Kutaisi, fly outbound on radial 120 until 40 NM, 20 000 ft.
		+	# Position yourself on radial 180, 50 NM. Perform three orbits on that position.
		+	# Position yourself on radial 220, 60 NM. Fly two laps with 6 NM legs.
		+	# Position yourself on radial 270, 60 NM. Then fly inbound on that radial towards Kutaisi until you are overhead Kutaisi (directly above the airfield).
		+	# Send the Tacview file to a mentor or instructor for review+feedback.

	==How to read radials in various aircraft==		==How to read radials in various aircraft==

← Äldre version		Versionen från 16 maj 2021 kl. 10.29
Rad 56:		Rad 56:

	===F-16C===		===F-16C===
−
−	~~The following image shows how to read your radial in F-16C. The example shows a TCN reading. NAV mode (steerpoint as reference point) looks identical.~~

	[[Fil:Ehsi tcn out.jpg\|360px\|thumb\|left\|Reading your radial in F-16C]]		[[Fil:Ehsi tcn out.jpg\|360px\|thumb\|left\|Reading your radial in F-16C]]

@@ Rad 50: / Rad 50: @@
 The carrier marshal is telling Indy91 to position itself on the 230 radial 26 miles from the carrier.
 ==How to read radials in various aircraft==
@@ Rad 65: / Rad 56: @@
 ===F-16C===
 [[Fil:Ehsi tcn out.jpg|360px|thumb|left|Reading your radial in F-16C]]

@@ Rad 37: / Rad 37: @@
 ==Examples of radial usage in communications==
-''Kutaisi, Indy9 marking your 080 (radial) for 35 miles angels 20''
+''Kutaisi, Indy9 marking your 080 (radial) 35 miles angels 20''
 The flight Indy9 lets Kutaisi know that they are located 35 miles away in the 080 bearing from the Kutaisi airfield.
@@ Rad 50: / Rad 50: @@
 The carrier marshal is telling Indy91 to position itself on the 230 radial 26 miles from the carrier.
 ==Bonus reading: QDM and QDR==

← Äldre version		Versionen från 15 maj 2021 kl. 19.37
Rad 66:		Rad 66:

	===F-16C===		===F-16C===
−	[[Fil:Ehsi tcn out.jpg\|~~200px~~\|thumb\|left\|Reading your radial in F-16C]]	+	[[Fil:Ehsi tcn out.jpg\|360px\|thumb\|left\|Reading your radial in F-16C]]

← Äldre version		Versionen från 15 maj 2021 kl. 17.40
Rad 59:		Rad 59:

	QDR: Flying ''outbound'' on a radial, away from the reference location. For example, flying away from an airfield on radial 300 can be described as "QDR 300".		QDR: Flying ''outbound'' on a radial, away from the reference location. For example, flying away from an airfield on radial 300 can be described as "QDR 300".
		+
		+
		+	==How to read radials in various aircraft==
		+
		+	Generally, you will have a navigation instrument that shows the bearing towards a waypoint or navigation beacon. The radial you are on is simply the reciprocal (opposite) of that bearing. Many navigation instruments (HSIs) will have a marker to help you read this opposite bearing.
		+
		+	===F-16C===
		+	[[Fil:Ehsi tcn out.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|left\|Reading your radial in F-16C]]